From Ottoman to the present transformation in public security administration

Public security, is a concept which is generally defined by the state as a public service to ensure the safety of citizens and properties. However, this perception is insufficient for the functions of the security issues. To overcome this problem, the security issue can be problematized through a two-dimensional understanding. This conception also constitutes the hypothesis of thesis: Security is central to the construction, maintenance and reproduction of relations of production and property based on the interests of the ruling classes. The second concept, expresses a critical point of view towards the concept of security. In this study, the main is aimed to explain the public security through this two-dimensional understanding and to systematize and construct the conceptual and theoretical related literature. With this infrastructure, the hypothesis of working can be tested. With the establishment method of the framework, the Ottoman period and Turkey, what was the question of the fundamental dynamics of the transformations affecting the management of public security, it could be examined in the context of social relations by getting supports from theoretical discussions. As a result of the investigations carried out in this study, it has been found that the security management has undergone many institutional and legal transformations from the Ottoman preiod to the present. As the main reason behind these transformations in security management, besides the protection of the society, different dynamics come to the fore: As suggested in the hypothesis of the study, security has played a central role in the regulation of the social relations in the Ottoman and Republican periods. This role is the protection and reproduction of the interests of the ruling classes within a certain historical range. In this study, it is explained that which management techniques are performed by the construction and reproduction processes. Power builds a system of social relations that now creates value through these techniques. For example, hegemony on society aims to maximize the level of affirmation of political power of individuals. It is aimed to identify the interests of the state and the interests of the individual through organic intellectuals articulated to power. By means of instructional, communication, religious and cultural languages, which are among the ideological devices, the individual and society are shaped, and the society structure / power which the government desires is tried to be designed. With biopower / surveillance techniques, it is envisaged that the population, seen as an engineering, design and construction process, will be managed by using statistics and data. By organizing the environment in which the society lives, it is aimed to make the reactions of the population living in the environment regulated for predictable and behaviors to be directed. Accordingly, individuals are monitored at every moment of their daily lives and information is stored about them. By creating the principle of fear and insecurity a society, it is ensured that social passivation, that is, the individual's abandoning participation in political decision-making processes. Thus, those who are dissatisfied with the system and those who do not obey the power unconditionally are marginalized, social opposition and movements are suppressed, criticism of power is prevented and the search for justice and equality is prevented.