Ottoman State of Balkans

Balkans, due to its significance both in the past and now, has deserved to take a wider place in modern history researches. The peninsula which consists of the some parts of Ancient Greek, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman and Habsburg lands and forms the junction point of Europe, Asia and Africa, have become the combat area of the different imperialist and adversary ideologies. in different historical periods, the main specific political and cultural border (boundary) lines, such as Eastem (Byzantium) and Western Roman empires, the realm of islam and Christianity, Orthodoxy and Catholicism; as for today, the border lines between the NATO and Warsaw military blocks, which represent the social, political and economic systems in clash with one another, ali intersected here. The region which has became subjected to both interior oppressions and exterior effects hostilely, has formed a test background for the alternative systems in the right sense. Therefore, for the past tvvo centuries; Balkans have functioned as a laboratory in which some vague aspects of the international and liberal forms of political organization and economic development have been observed. The period foliowing Karlofça agreement witnessed the begirming of the movements that would cause Balkan peoples to pass into the national, secular state system after parting from the Ottoman government. The national mutinies in Balkans were realized on the individual base vvith cooperation on lower scale relativity among Balkan nations. The way to the political transformation would take a long time. The realization of gradual collapse of Ottoman rule hardened this process more. Under the ultimate rule of the Sultan, interior national and religious conflicts were avoided and the effects of the Europeans were limited vvifhin the surrounding of the peninsula. As the ability of the Ottoman Empire to protect her lands abated (decreased), the Balkan lands became a land of spoil which the other great forces desired keenly. in the 18 the century, the Russian and Habsburg empires competed vvith both the Ottoman Empire and one another so as to rule on these lands. The region moved to the center of the scene of diplomacy in the 19 the century; The East problem that interested ali the great forces of Europe remained as the most important lasting diplomatic problem by the time Word War I started, the war vvhich is regarded as deeply connected vvith the Balkan problems.