Council of state as a modernisation of administrative institute in the Ottoman state (1868 - 1876)

The process of developing a modern administrative system in the Ottoman State, systematically was began during the Tanzimat Period. This process which started in the last period of Mahmud II, was founded European manner cabinet system, legislative-consultative assemblies that was defined its members and tasks in the Ottoman State. During this period established the most important council was Meclis-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye (the Supreme Council of Judicial Ordinances) that was empowered implementing reforms of Tanzimat, establishment of a modern administrative, judicial, military and fiscal structure. During the Tanzimat Period, Meclis-i Vâlâ has lasted transformation of organizational structure due to several reasons such as changing of political condition and its domestic needs.In 1854, Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat (High Council of the Tanzimat) was established as a superior lagislative body by virtue of increasing workload of Meclis-i Vâlâ. The period of the dual assembly, while Meclis-i Tanzimat predominantly was undertaking duty of the legislative, Meclis-i Vâlâ, was dealing with legal issues. The sutructure of the dual assembly was reformed because of lack of the clear terms of reference and these councils was combined under the name of Meclis-i Ahkâm-ı Adliye.In 1868, Şura-yı Devlet (Council of State) that entrusted with legislation and Divan-ı Ahkâm-ı Adliye which was charged with judiciary (The Supreme Judicial Court) was founded as the last ring in the process of structural reform of Meclis-i Vâlâ. In this manner the principle of division of power which was introduced with the Regulation of Province in 1864 in the Ottoman province administration, has become valid on the administrative center of the Ottoman State. Şura-yı Devlet that was established as center of reforms was tasked with preparation of laws and regulations on any subjects, making administrative concultancy and decision-making about cases related to the administration. Şura-yı Devlet which implemented many of the reform activities came to the fore, especially in the first-three study period that abstain from conflicts of manegement. However, Âli and Fuad Pasha which was the most important leader of the second generation of the Tanzimat demises in 1872, resulted in administrative, political, fiscal caos environment. In these circumstances, bureaucratic structure of Şura-yı Devlet and its authority constantly was reformed. Eventually, this unstability of Şura-yı Devlet led to becaming a passivated instutiation of Şura-yı Devlet. Consequently, Şura-yı Devlet was auhenticated with making laws and concultancy to Meclis-i Mebusan in the Constitute of 1876, although it interrupted, its presence has contunied as taking name of the Danıştay up to the present day.