State factories established in the Ottoman State during the Tanzimat Period

One of the reform movements that emerged in the Tanzimat Period in the Ottoman state is related to the forms of manufacturing. In this period, the state adopted the policies to create production units in the Western style with the unorthodox developments that emerged with the Industrial Revolution and tended to establish factories. When the literature is examined, the factories established by the state during the Tanzimat Period are dealt with in a limited and scattered manner and not systematically. For this reason, the aim of the study is to examine the factories established in the Ottoman Empire during the Tanzimat Period. The main starting point of this study was the Industrial Revolution in Europe in the middle of the 18th century and how the Ottoman Empire was affected by it. After the Industrial Revolution, the policies followed in the Ottoman Empire with the rapid decline of the Ottoman manufacturing sector in the face of the increasing trade volume of the European states and the occupation of the Ottoman markets by the European merchants were examined. This study consists of four parts. First of all, in order to better understand the growth that led to the establishment of the factory, the general course of the 18th century Ottoman industry and the reasons for the factory movement were revealed, In the first part: The general economic structure of the Ottoman Empire was examined. In the second part: The factoryization process of the state in the Tanzimat Period was examined, and in the third and last part, the factories established in the Tanzimat Period were examined according to their sectors. As a result, the Ottoman Empire had to change its economic strategy, which it continued until the 19th century, because it was unsuccessful in the face of the Industrial Revolution. In the face of this situation, it entered the industrialization process and made new initiatives. However, in this period, the desired success could not be achieved due to the situation of the Ottoman Empire.