Transformation of women from Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey (Nezihe Muhittin, Ulviye Mevlan Civelek, Halide Edip Adıvar)

The topic of this thesis is defined as "The Transformation Process from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey Women". We are aware of the difficulty in understanding such a broad field and presenting a scientific thesis. Therefore, we attempted to outline the general process of change during the relevant period. Subsequently, we evaluated the transformation process of women's identity through the biographies and works of three female authors. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of women in the future societal structure as envisioned by three female writers, thinkers, and activists, who we believe represent different segments of society. The attitude of Turkish women towards the revolutions implemented by the newly established Turkish state following the modernization movements, albeit incomplete, that began in the Ottoman Empire, has been examined. In previous studies, others generally spoke on behalf of women, whereas this study specifically includes women's own works and words. The modernization and westernization movements that began generally after the Tanzimat Edict in the Ottoman Empire also impacted Muslim Turkish women. The conceptual framework of the Ottoman women's movement and the societal roles imposed on Turkish women during the modernization process have been investigated. The question of whether these roles were determined by women themselves or initiated by the directives of the rulers has been sought. Thus, one of the points of divergence for the cadre that founded the Republic of Turkey was the position and visibility of women in society. Throughout this entire process, there have been numerous women who have struggled and attempted to struggle on societal issues. Particularly after the successful conclusion of the National Struggle period, there were intense debates about women returning to their designated places. In facing all these issues, the existential journeys of Halide Edib Adıvar, Nezihe Muhittin, and Ulviye Mevlan Civelek, from politics to daily life, have been presented.