A work in the Ottoman tajweed tradition: Transcription ‎and analysis of Hâfız Ferîd's Su'âl ve Cevâblı Tecvîd

This study focuses on the work titled Su'âl ve Cevâblı Tecvîd‎‎ by Üsküplü Hâfız ‎Mehmed Ferîd, which is part of the Ottoman-period tajwīd literature and has not yet ‎been examined in detail in academic terms. In the research, the aforementioned treatise ‎was transcribed and then subjected to a comparative analysis with the main sources of ‎the science of Qur'anic recitation (qirāʾāt). One of the remarkable aspects of the work is ‎that it was written in a question-and-answer format, which was widely used in the ‎educational process. Through this method, it was aimed to facilitate the learning of ‎tajwīd rules and to convey them in a memorable manner. The study addresses ‎fundamental tajwīd topics such as madd and qasr (elongation and shortening), ikhfāʾ, ‎iẓhār, iqlāb, idghām, qalqala, sakt, makhraj (articulation points), and the thick and thin ‎pronunciations of the letter rāʾ. These topics were compared with al-Nashr fī al-Qirāʾāt ‎al-ʿAshr by Ibn al-Jazarī (d. 833/1429), its commentary Sharḥ Ṭayyibat al-Nashr fī al-‎Qirāʾāt, and other classical works, and through these comparisons, the extent to which ‎the text aligns with the classical understanding of tajwīd was revealed. The study is ‎structured using the "historical document analysis" model, which is one of the ‎qualitative research methods. As a result of the research, it was understood that Hâfız ‎Ferîd's work possesses a plain and instructive structure in terms of language and style. ‎In this respect, the work constitutes a valuable example reflecting the priorities in tajwīd ‎education of its time. It is also believed that this study will pave the way for new future ‎research on tajwid works from the Ottoman period.‎