Geoarchaeological investigation of patara ancient city (Kaş, Antalya)

As a result of field observations and literature researches carried out in this study, according to previous studies carried out in the region, the geological structure of Patara region generally consists of Qal Alluvium belonging to Tk Kozağaç formation, Qp beach sediments consisting of sand and gravel, Qk dune, Qym talus-debris cone, breccia type lithologies with limestone and chert elements. Again, according to field studies and literature information, the oldest units of the study area are Beydağları Autochthonous, Yeşilbarak nappes and Lycian nappes. As a result of all field and laboratory studies carried out, it was determined that the rocks used in the structures in Patara ancient city were supplied from three different sources. First source: As seen in macro samples, it consists of white colored coarse crystalline marble type carbonate rocks. In the petrographic studies carried out, it has a typical textural appearance with plenty of cracks and cracks filled with silica. As a result of petrographic definition, the rock is Wackestone according to Dunham (1962) Classification; According to Folk, (1962) Classification, it is defined as Sparse + Bio + Intra + Biomicrite. It has been determined that the rocks in locations (P-1), (P-2 ancient), (P-3 ancient), (P-4), (P-8-A) (P-11) (P-12)(P-13), (P-14-A), (P-14-B)(P-14-C), (P-15-A), (P-15-B), (P-16), (P-16-E), (P-17) come from the first source. Second source: Micritic limestone with large porous texture. It is abundantly porous and the pores are 4-5 microns in size. According to Dunham (1962) Classification, Mudstone; According to Folk, (1962) classification, it is defined as Micrite + Dismicrite + Fossil Micrite. It has been determined that the rocks in location (P-3 natural) come from the second source. Third source: It has a microcritic texture with small holes. The pores are filled with calcite. According to Dunham (1962) classification, it is defined as Wackestone; according to Folk, (1962) classification, it is defined as Sparse + Bio + Intra + Biomicrite and according to Wilson, (1975) classification, it is defined as (SMF-21). There are 2-3 micron holes in the algal mudstone and these holes are filled with sparite. It was determined that the rocks in the locations (P-2 bedrock), (P-5), (P-6), (P-7nero bath), (P-7 ground), (P-8-B), (P-9), (P-10) came from the third source.