Optimization of effective parameters in biodiesel production from pelemir (cephalaria syriaca L.) oil

In this study, biodiesel was produced from the seed oil of Pelemir (Cephalaria syriaca L.), a renewable and locally available energy source. The key process parameters affecting biodiesel yield were optimized using a statistical method known as Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Three independent variables—reaction time, catalyst concentration, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio—were investigated, while biodiesel yield was taken as the dependent variable. Experimental design was conducted using a Central Composite Design (CCD), and the results were analyzed via RSM. The statistical significance of the models was confirmed through analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the high coefficient of determination (R²) indicated the model's reliability. Optimal production conditions were determined, and the produced biodiesel was found to comply with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 fuel quality standards. This thesis presents, for the first time, a comprehensive optimization of biodiesel production from Pelemir oil. It contributes significantly to the valorization of an alternative local energy crop and the development of a cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly biodiesel production process.