Engineering geology of the Pendik-Gözdağ open pits and arounds and parameters affect on the pits

3 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY OF THE PENDİK - GOZDAG OPEN PITS&AROUNDS AND PARAMETERS, AFFECT ON THE PITS SUMMARY This investigation was carried out in 1987 - 1989, to reaserch material geology parameters that affect on the open quartzite pits. These open pits belong to light Weight Material - YTONG Factory which is built near Pendik £6 km. of Istanbul. Investigation area about 150. OOO mS exists betveen Gözdag and Tavsantepe A large number of scientific and economic that inves tigation and reserching have done in several times. In these investigation, more detail study has been done by Prof. Dr.K. ERGUVA?^LIC19S7-19S5D. In that study, place of the Light Weight Material Ytong factory and supliying raw material Which are quartzite, limestone and industrial water had been purposed. The necasery raw materials for the Ytong factory are quartzite, limestone, water and special sol iti ons. In order to reaserch raw material, quartzite disso ciation and its borders with other rocks in the area, "the strati graphical, lithological and structural propeties of this material were examined and surface & subsurface engineering geological map that as a pannel diyagram map ped on 1/1 OOO scale maps. yv i';\Quartzite greywacke series, limestones and andesitic dykes are faund Csee map} The gr eywackes seen at the west of the investigated reûiûn.are greyish -brown in colour, clayey and micaceous; they pass laterally and vertically, from greywacke quart zite to coarse feldispathlc quart-sites and then to finely grainied missive quartsites which are seen at the up>per level c>t these series. They run from NW to SE with a dip of 15-45 HE. The quartzites are white in colour, coarse in the lower level and finely grained an the upper, with regular bedding, fractured, faulted and making small ondul ati ons. The age of the greywacke-quartzi te series was deter mined to be Silurian CLlandloverian} from the brachiopod fossils which are found in the greywacke - quartzites. Greyish - dark blue limestones lie with confirmity on the quartzite series. The lower beds of these limes tones are redish- brawn in colour, sandy contain 3 to 4 % of f el di s pa t hi c gr ai ns. Trie upper part of the lower beds contain corals-Hal i - cites- Their colour and texture change the upper beds and become greyish- blue and massive. They run in the direction NE - SW and E-W with small ondul ati ons and with a dip of 30 - 50. These limestones are karstic at the surface and show lapiaz, small caves and channels. This karstlf ication decreases towards the lower levels. Greywacke - quartzite series and limestones are cut by several andesitic dykes and the fructures and gravity faults in them are filled by clay. Raw material Quartzit.es occur in three different char act er i st i cs. These ar e fol 1 ows ; - Pure Quartzites - Gr eywackes - Quartzites - Konglomeratie Quartzites XIITills study aims to deter nil ne pure Quartzites dissoci ations and reserve and its phisical, chemical and mechani cal pr öper t i es. The chemical analysis of the pure quartzites which taken between the yol pits and Dogu pit gtave the average results: Si 0_ : 91. 6 CaO: 0. 4 MqO : O. 7 Fe, O. : 1.8 Al.- Keyword: Kuvarsit = Quartzite ; Mühendislik jeolojisi = Engineering geology ; İstanbul-Pendik = İstanbul-Pendik