İn vitro evaluation of different decontamination method for treatment of peri-implantitis

The aim of our study was to test the nano- hydroxyapatite powder decontamination method on intraorally contaminated titanium discs and to compare this method with current decontamination methods in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Our discs were assigned to eight groups: Group 1 titanium hand curette for 120s ; Group 2 ultrasonic scaler with a PEEK tip ; Group 3 ultrasonic scaler with a peek tip+3%H2O2; Group4 air abrasive system (nano-hydroxyapatite) for 30 s; Group 5 air abrasive system (nano-hydroxyapatite) for 120 s; Group6 Er:YAG laser (120mJ/pulse at 10 Hz); Group7 contaminated disc (negative control); and Group8 sterile disc (positive control). After decontamination of titanium discs, residual biofilm, surface changes, surface chemical content, surface energy and wettability were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Drop Test. Levene test was used to test the homogeneity of the variance between the groups. When the variances were homogenous, Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the groups. Different groups were determined by nonparametric Dunn post hoc test or Games-Howel post hoc test. The statistical significance level was P <0.05 and SPSS 25 (SPSS IBM, USA) program was used for the calculations. The highest percentage of carbon (C) atoms was observed in the negative control group, and the lowest percentage of C atoms was found in the airflow 120 sn, followed by the airflow short-term, laser, ultrasonic, ultrasonic+H2O2 and mechanical groups. When the groups were examined for wettability, the lowest contact angle degree was observed in the "airflow 120 sn", laser group and "airflow 30 sn groups. Nano-hydroxyapatite and laser treatments were the most suitable techniques for cleaning and protecting titanium surfaces at implant surface decontamination. Keywords: Air-abrasive, dental implants, hydrophilicity, hydroxyapatites, periimplantitis