Periodontitis-periimplantitis and healthy individuals investigation of radiographies by fractal analysis method

Periodontal and peri-implanter diseases are inflammatory diseases and in addition to clinical examination, radiographs play an important role in diagnosis. In recent years, fractal analysis (FA) method has been used to diagnose the prognosis of many diseases in bone using radiographs and digital images. The aim of our study is to examine the changes in the interdental bone region of individuals with different periodontal and peri-implanter diseases by FA method. According to the general oral diagnosis, a total of 180 individuals, 54 of whom were diagnosed with healthy periodontium, 59 diagnosed with gingivitis and 67 diagnosed with periodontitis, On a sample basis, a total of 270 specimens were included, of which 87 were diagnosed with healthy teeth, 56 with gingivitis, 37 with periodontitis, 30 with healthy implants, 30 with peri-mucositis, and 30 with peri-implantitis. Periodontal clinical measurements of individuals [plaque index (PI), modified plaque index (mPI), gingival index (GI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSKI), bleeding index on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (KAS), probable pocket depth ( SCD), depth of retraction (DE) and marginal bone loss (MKK)], and panoramic x-rays were taken. By selecting rectangular areas of 10 x 25 pixels on panoramic radiographs, the fractal size (FB) of the trabecular structure was calculated using the ImageJ program. SPSS, Kruskar-Wallis, Mann Whitney-U, Pearson correlation coefficient, t tests were used for statistical analysis. As a result of the evaluations, the FB values of all peri-implant samples were found to be significantly lower than the FB values of the periodontal samples (p<0.05). In addition, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between FB values and CAS. There is a need for studies with larger samples, using other radiographic techniques, using different ROI sizes, evaluating different interdental and implant-tooth spaces in the maxilla and mandible as coronal and apical.