Determination of chemical contents and botanical origin of Pervari (Siirt) region (Çemikari, Kovanağzı, Sarıyaprak) propolis

Bees are an important species that have direct or indirect relationships with other living organism in the world. Bees are also extremely important for biological diversity. The main reason for their success, in these complex social organizations in nature, is he bee products. One of these significant products is propolis. Many different studies have been carried out in recent years to determine he chemical structure of propolis. The chemical content of propolis varies depending on he floristic structure of he region where it is produced. In this thesis, propolis samples taken from three different localities (Sarıyaprak, Kovanağzı, Çemikari) located in Pervari district of Siirt province were examined. In he study, were performed wax ratios, DPPH, FRAP, total phenolic and flavonoid amounts and pollen analyzes of propolis samples. Volatile components, fatty acids and phenolic compound contents were determined by GC-MS and LC-MS / MS techniques. When he obtained results were evaluated, for he Sarıyaprak region; DPPH: 74.34 ± 0.02% IC50: 0,66 mg / ml, FRAP: 0.069 ± 0.012 µg FeSO4 /ml extract equivalent, Total phenolic: 21.88 ± 3.35 µg gallic acid/ml extract, Total flavonoid: 67.63 ± 0.012 µg rutin/ ml extract, Wax ratio: 59.3340%. The major volatile components are α-pinene (19.15%), Cis-9-Hexadecenal (7.76%), Octodecenal (6.21%) and for fatty acids: 1-dodecanamine N, N-dimethyl (21.65%), Borneol (21.16%), (S) -cis-verbenol (16.3%) finally detected phenolic compounds are Fumaric acid (3.462 mg analyte / g extract), Quinic acid (2,437 mg analyte / g extract), Gallic acid (2,150 mg analyte / g extract). Same analysis for Kovanagzi area: DPPH: 88.18 ± 0.62% IC50: 0,15 mg / ml, FRAP: 1.254 ± 0.037 µg FeSO4 /ml extract equivalent, Total phenolic: 53.43 ± 2.41 µg gallic acid/ml extract, Total flavonoid: 65.95 ± 0.004 µg rutin/ml extract, Wax ratio: 60.8289%. Volatile component are, 13-tetradecenal (11.28%), Octodecenal (8.19%), Nonanol (7.17 %). Fatty acids: Benzyl Alcohol (31.27%), 1-dodecanamine N, N-dimethyl (28.19%), Cedrenol (6.14%), Phenolic compounds: Caffeic acid (6.788 mg analyte / g extract), Vanilic acid (4.453 mg analyte / g extract), Quinic acid (3.963 mg analyte / g extract). The results for he last location of Çemikari area are, DPPH: 88.75 ± 0.37 IC50: 0,15 mg / ml, FRAP: 1.334 ± 0.038 µg FeSO4/ml extract equivalent. Total phenolic: 86.64 ± 2.55 µg gallic acid/ml extract, Total flavonoid: 98.29 ± 0.012 µg rutin/ml extract, Wax ratio: 57.2341%. Volatile components: 13-tetradecenal (10.4%), Octodecenal (7.63%), 7-tetradecenal (6.14%), Fatty acids: Borneol (47.58%), Benzyl Alcohol (15.03%), 1-dodecanamine N, N-dimethyl (%12.27), Phenolic compounds: Nicotiflorin (11,389 mg analyte / g extract), Ferulic acid (11,265 mg analyte / g extract), Caffeic acid (7,350 mg analyte / g extract) were determined. As a result, when the results of propolis samples belonging to all three studied regions are examined, their content and antioxidant properties are promising for future biological assays.