Economic and environmental impacts of the transition from oil and gas industry to renewable energy: The case of Uzbekistan

This thesis examines the economic and environmental impacts faced by Uzbekistan in the transition process of its energy sector. Despite being one of the key players in energy production in Central Asia, Uzbekistan is also a rich country with renewable energy potential. The aim of the study is to evaluate Uzbekistan's transition from the oil and gas industry to renewable energy sources, and to address the economic and environmental dimensions of this transition. The thesis begins with an overview of energy sources, distinguishing between primary and secondary energy sources, as well as renewable and non-renewable energy sources. It emphasizes the importance of renewable energy sources by highlighting the limitations and environmental impacts of fossil fuels. Additionally, it discusses the general characteristics and economic-environmental impacts of the oil and gas industries, explaining their environmental effects such as global climate change and ecosystem damages, as well as their economic significance and income distribution impacts. Furthermore, the thesis explores the principles and applicability of the green economy, which aims to reduce environmental risks while promoting economic development and social welfare. It discusses the advantages and challenges of transitioning to a green economy. In the final section, the thesis analyzes Uzbekistan's energy history and current situation, including its energy potential and historical struggles over energy resources. It underscores the need for Uzbekistan to aim for a sustainable transformation in its energy sector. This thesis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the economic and environmental impacts faced by Uzbekistan in its energy sector transition. In the future, the country's energy policies and strategies will be crucial for sustainable development and regional stability.