Abstract and abstraction in landscape painting

Art has served as a tool for people to express themselves throughout history. The process of painting art started with the imitation of objects found in nature. In primitive ages, painting was an action in which the phenomena and objects seen by starting from the concrete were transferred to the surface. Belief, cultural formation, political structure, technological developments have been the factors affecting the art of painting. Art, which has developed with the increasing knowledge and experience of individuals who are in creative action in the process, has been affected in different ways by the ways of thinking of the societies in which it is located. The artists wanted to reveal the essence of the object instead of conveying the truth as it is in parallel with the developing social and sociological situations. This motivation paved the way for the depicted scenes to move away from realism to stylized and deformed, and ultimately to abstract and abstraction. However, it has become a necessity to eliminate the complexity of meaning in these concepts in order to ensure the distinguishability of abstract or abstraction paintings, which are put forward with the concern of reaching the essence. For this reason, the concepts of abstract and abstraction, which are often confused, have been evaluated philosophically within the scope of this thesis and related concepts are explained through art movements. The acts of abstraction, created by starting from nature and without completely disconnecting from the object, have been shaped according to the artists' way of perceiving the world. Over time, depending on the attitudes of the painters to interpret the landscape elements, the compositions evolved from abstraction to abstract and got rid of the dependence on the object. Abstract or abstraction paintings, which are presented on a wide scale from figurative painting to landscape, have created their own phenomenon within the framework of the subject discussed. However, abstraction anxiety in landscape paintings is seen as a much-discussed work process due to the descriptions used in defining it. Especially for artists, landscape elements in abstraction have had a carrier quality in expressing their own worlds of thought.