Investigation of the efflux pump inhibition potential of extracts obtained from Phellinus hartigii and Fomes fomentarius mushrooms in some multi drug resistant strains

While antibiotic resistance continues to gain momentum day by day, studies on this issue continue at the same rate. Although it may be an advantage to introduce new antimicrobial agents to the present day, unfortunately it is a fact that every antibiotic will one day lose its effectiveness and acquire new resistance. Recovery of antibiotics whose effectiveness has decreased or has been lost is possible by inhibiting the efflux pump mechanism. However, due to its limited clinical use due to toxic reasons, scientific studies continue worldwide. In this thesis study, the potential inhibitory effect of acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the macrofungi Fomes fomentarius and Phellinus hartigii against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with active efflux pumps was investigated by in vitro study. According to the results obtained here, the protein-ligand compatibility relationship against the AcrB efflux pump was examined by analyzing the major components (>10%) determined in the GS/MS analysis of the extracts. According to the protein-ligand binding relationship, the best binding is with the 4DX5 protein in the Phellinus hartigii acetone extract, with the octacosane component (13.03%) having a binding energy of -4.71 kcal/mol and the nonadecane (28.22%) component having a binding energy of -4.70 kcal/mol has been observed. According to the MST test result; F. fomentarius acetone and P. hartigii methanol extracts were observed to bind to AcrB protein. However, it was observed that the binding effect was better in FF acetone extract. It was concluded that the strongest effect as an extract was FF methanol, acetone and PH metanol. The results show that the macrofungi used may be potential efflux pump inhibitors. However, these findings need to be taken further with gene expression studies and in vivo experimental studies to obtain potential efflux pump inhibitors suitable for clinical use.