The geography of human and economy of Pınarbaşı District (Kayseri̇)

Pınarbaşı district is located in the Uzunyayla region of the Upper Kızılırmak section of Central Anatolia. The survey area is 5th among the districts in Turkey with an area of 3420 km2. In terms of population, as of 2016, it is in the 481th place in 970 districts. The district is included in the 4th group in terms of development within the 6 districts, according to the socio-economic development survey prepared by the SPO in 2004. The district was transformed into a township in the first half of the 19th century when it became a village with an increase in population in the second half of the century (1861), due to intense Caucasian migrations, 93 wreath migrations, and migration and settlements made by the Fırka-i Islahiye. The mountainous areas in the district consist of Tahtalı mountains and extensions, the Aygörmez mountains and Hınzır mountain. Plateau areas are located in Uzunyayla section, Middle Zamantı and Çörümşek basins. Pınarbaşı and Bahçelik plains, as well as the valleys and valley bases of Zamantı and its arms complete the general morphological appearance. Geologically, Miocene aged conglomerate-limestones and Mesozoic ophiolites and peridotites, as well as limestone beds of different ages and alluvial deposits of Quaternary age are observed in the district. The present geological structure has been influential in the emergence of the general geomorphologic structure of the province as a "lake location plain". The climate is a transition between the semi-arid climate of Central Anatolia and the severe terrestrial climate of Eastern Anatolia. Accordingly, natural vegetation consists of step-forming and step-forming oak-juniper associations in mountainous areas. First of all the hydrographic features, the drainage network formed by the Zamantı river and its arms appears. Moreover, the surplus of spring water is attracting attention due to the effect of geological structure. In addition to the Bahçelik dam lake, there are 4 irrigation ponds in the district. Despite the absence of different types of soil, important soil types make up brown soil, rendzinal (calcareous soil) and alluvial soils. The development of the population in the district can be divided into 5 phases. These; 1527-1563; I. dynamic population growth, 1563-1730; I. Dynamic Population Loss, 1945-1955; decrease due to administrative border changes, 1955-1985 stationary population growth, 1985-2015; II. dynamic periods of demographic loss. The most important problem of the district is the loss of population holding ability. For this reason, there is a tendency to shrink in both the villages and the district center. Due to the economic structure of the area, village settlements are accompanied by numerous stockyards and highlands. Particularly in rugged and large area villages, these settlements include hamlets. The uniformly appearing morphological structure of the research area varies when examined in detail. This affects the typologies, morphology and other structural features of settlements. Occupations and attachments were shaped by the dominant judge on the agriculture and livestock structure. The district center now displays a medium sized town with a declining population. The Pınarbaşı district is one of the regions with the highest concentration of agricultural population in Turkey. The agricultural activities in the district are accompanied by cattle and cattle breeding activities. A large part of the families built in the province are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. In addition, mining, beekeeping and trout farming constitute other important economic activities. Mining activities, which are one of the most important economic activities in the past, lose importance because of the decrease of mining companies. Only small-scale industrial facilities located in the district center are far from reflecting the true potential of the county. The historical sites and natural beauties of the study area offer an important tourism potential. However, these values are idle for various reasons. The district is composed of mines whose commercial products are gradually decreasing with cereals, livestock products.