Post-oil urban development in the gulf cities: Riyadh, Doha and dDbai

The Arabian Peninsula (AP) was known as Oases, nomads, traditional settlements, and harbors. However, Gulf cities like Doha, Dubai, and Riyadh have undergone unprecedented transformations in recent decades, most visible in local architecture and urbanism. The development of these cities can manifest through 4 main stages: post-nomadic, traditional period, modern period, and contemporary period, based on pre-oil, oil discovery, and post-oil eras. The AP had, in consequence, considered oil as the backbone of the economical revenues, contextualizing in physical and socio-cultural shifts. This region's earliest urban fabric and life was effectively speaking climatic circumstances adaptation and social needs. Followed by oil availability, after the 1960s, the so-called sudden modernization occurred. Three paradigms were mentoring Riyadh, Doha, and Dubai re-fabrication concluded in iconic modernity, the architectural westernization. Second, sustainability promises and integration of green agendas. And finally, the inclusion of opportunities, affordability of jobs, and foreign labor hosting. Socio-cultural and architectural identity, as a result, has been gradually abandoned in today's cities' images. The latter is among the several issues this research addresses, in addition to the declaration of oil unavailability risk and the rise of carbon emissions. Overall, oil's negative and positive effects remained a topic to discuss through documents and government reports. Accordingly, many researchers emphasize the rapid regional transformation of the Gulf yet, but the stages of this operation stayed detailly unclear. Thus, this research aims to bridge the gaps between the three mentioned towns' narratives through time. And come out with the main factors of the communicated transitions.