Implantation and bone augmentation techniques in alveol defeciencies of posterior maxillas

In case of absence of teeth, the place of dental implants in the treatment plans is increasing. Alveolar ridge deficiencies are the most challenging cases in implant surgery. Alveolar ridge deficiencies, either in horizontal or in vertical aspect can make implant placement impossible. Also the spongious structure of the maxilla compared to mandible makes implant surgery even more difficult. Having all these circumstances posterior maxilla even has lower quality of bone than the anterior part. Low quality structure of the maxilla also results in low quantity structure. Because of all these reasons listed above, management in posterior maxilla with implants needs a careful and detailed treatment planning. Generally different augmentation techniques will be needed to place an implant inside of low quality and quantity of bone. In these kind of cases surgical techniques such as sinus floor elevation (lateral window technique, crestal aproach), onlay or inlay bone augmentation, distraction osteogenesis, split osteotomy are needed. Other then augmentation techniques, short dental implants and zygoma implants are alternatives for these cases. Our aim in this thesis is to evaluate the literatures regarding the augmentation techniques and different implant protocols in alveolar deficiency cases. Advantages and disadvantages, indications and contrindications of the techniques will also be evaluated. By evaluating the literature it is also aimed to have an idea about the choice of treatment protocols and long term success.