The effect of health education given to prediabetes patients by video conferencing on self-management and exercise

It is of vital importance to inform individuals about prediabetes, since the awareness rate of prediabetes is low in the society and it is highly associated with the development of diabetes. Physical activity can prevent the development of many chronic diseases, as well as the development of diabetes. Providing health education about physical activity to individuals with prediabetes motivates prediabetics to raise awareness about the disease, to participate in exercise and to maintain it. The aim of this study is to conduct the validity-reliability study Scale For Process of Exercise Engagement to evaluate the exercise participation processes of prediabetes patients and to evaluate the effect of the health education given to the prediabetes patients according to the change phase of the Transtheoretic Model on the patients' exercise participation processes and metabolic indicators. The methodological phase of the study was carried out on 243 prediabetes patients in three family health centers located in Kilis city center between June and September 2021. It was seen that the validity-reliability scale consisted of 21 items and 5 sub-dimensions. Participants scored 11.36±4.47 Scale For Process of Exercise Engagement Developing Awareness sub-dimension, 8.52±3.74 from the Creating The Health Blueprint sub-dimension, 14.00±6.62 from the Driving Force sub-dimension, 9.40±3.36 from the Resistive Force sub-dimension, and 12.00±4.33 from the Spontaneous Regular Exercise sub-dimension. The Cronbach α coefficient for the Developing Awareness sub-dimension of the scale was 0.878, the Cronbach α coefficient for the Creating The Health Blueprint sub-dimension was 0.938, the Driving Force Cronbach α coefficient was 0.931, the Resistive Force Cronbach α coefficient was 0.794, and the Spontaneous Regular Exercise Cronbach α coefficient was 0.914. Exercise Participation Process Scale was found to be a valid and reliable scale. The randomized controlled, repeated measurement experimental study design was completed with a training group of 39 people and a control group of 37 people (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05217290). The study was carried out between December-2021 and April-2022. Determination of training and control groups; Patients who were in the Not Thinking stage of the change phase of the Transtheoretic Model, whose FINDRISK score average was 14 and above, and who had a high Opposing Strength score, which is the sub-dimension of the Exercise Participation Process Scale, were determined and randomized. It was observed that the health education given according to the change stages of the Transtheoretic Model, phone calls and sending reminder SMS made a positive progress between the stages, and the decrease in the Opposite Strength score averages from the Exercise Participation Process Scale sub-dimensions resulted in a positive increase in the other sub-dimension scores in favor of the education group. In addition, it was observed that these applications provided improvements on the metabolic indicators of the patients in favor of the education group, the FINDRISK score average decreased compared to the pre-training situation, and the total number of steps in the education group increased. As a result; it has been seen that the health education given according to the change stages of the Transtheoretic Model is effective in the development of positive health behaviors in individuals, it raises awareness about exercise and increases participation in exercise, and this situation has positive results on metabolic indicators. Keywords: Exercise participation process, FINDRISK, Prediabetes, Randomized controlled trial, Transtheoretic Model.