The role of oxidative balance in early diagnosis of oxidative stress-related diseases in preeclamptic mothers

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is one of the important causes of preterm birth. It is known that the oxidative and antioxidative state caused by preeclampsia have an effect on the occurrence of diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVK), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) associated with oxidative damage in preterm babies born to preeclamptic mothers. Conflicting results in these studies show that the uncertainty of oxidative balance still continues in babies of preeclamptic mothers. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the oxidative and antioxidative status in infants of preeclamptic mothers with 8 Hydroxy-2-Deoxy-Guanosine (8-OHdG), Total Oxidant Status/Total Antioxidant Status (TOS/TAS), Advanced Oxidative Protein Products(AOPPs) and to show the relationship between patients with free radical damage such as RDS, BPD, ROP, IVK, NEC, PDA in which oxidative stress plays a role. MATERIAL and METHODS: In Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, between January 2021 and January 2022, 30 preterm babies born to a preeclamptic mother with a gestational age below 37 weeks and needing neonatal intensive care, and 30 preterm babies born to a non-preeclamptic mother who needed neonatal intensive care was taken as the control group. Biomarkers of TOS, TAS, 8-OHdG and AOPPs were studied in serum samples taken consecutively on the cord, 1st, 3rd and 7th days of a total of 60 preterm babies. The oxidant and antioxidant status, protein and DNA damage levels of the babies in the patient and control groups were compared. The relationship between the levels of these biomarkers and the diseases (RDS, BPD, NEC, ROP, IVK, PDA) caused by oxidative damage that may occur during hospitalization were examined. All statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. RESULTS: The mean gestational age of 30 preterm babies in the patient group was 31.73±3.63 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1745.33±809.86 g. The mean gestational age of 30 preterm babies in the control group was 32.43±3.44 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2117.5±746.12 g. The frequency of RDS, NEC and PDA was higher in the patient group than in the control group, and this difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of BPD, ROP and IVK (p>0.05). The AOPPs level of the patient group was higher than the control group at all time points on the cord, 1st, 3rd and 7th days, and this difference between the groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups for 8-OHdG and TAS levels at all time points on the cord, 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p>0.05). The level of TOS in the cord blood of the patient group was higher than that of the control group, and this difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups for TOS levels on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between TOS, TAS, 8-OHdG, AOPPs levels measured consecutively in the first week of life and RDS, BPD, NEC, ROP, IVK, PDA, which are oxidative stress-related diseases (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: AOPPs can be used as a new biomarker in the early diagnosis of oxidative damage in infants of preeclamptic mothers. There is a need for new studies on the usability of AOPPs in the early diagnosis of oxidative stress-related diseases.