The effects of curcuminand Ganoderma lucidum on rat which were exposed to organophosphorus pesticides during pretanal life

Chlorpyriphos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphorus pesticides all over the world. Multiple studies have proved the neurotoxic effects of CPF. The purpose of this study is to highlight the potential effects of CPF exposure in rat hippocampus, which are in development stage, and whether these effects might be decreased by implementing various antioxidant substances. Seven groups were set off. Each induvidual group consist of 8-10 weeks old, 200-250 gr weighing 3 pregnant female Wistar albino rats. The groups were devided as follows: Chlorpyriphos (CPF), Curcumin (CUR), Ganoderma lucidum (GNL), Chlorpyriphos +Curcumin (CPF+CUR), Chlorpyriphos + Ganoderma lucidum (CPF+GL), SHAM and control. The test subjects were administered with 5mg/kg CPF, 100mg/kg CUR and 400mg/kg GNL by using gavage once daily during pregnancy. Hence, CUR and CPF were given with corn oil together, SHAM group recieved once a day the same amount of corn oil only. Eventually brain tissues were excised for histopathologic, stereologic and immunohistochemical evaluation. Neuron cells in rat's cornu ammonis has been evaluated quantitative by using optic fractionator. Stereologic analysis shows that pyramidal neuron cells in hippocampus in CPF group has decreased significantly compared to other groups. Though, neuron cells in CPF+CUR and CPF+GNL groups has increased compared to CPF group. In histopathologic examination, neuron cells in CPF group didn't have distinct cytoplasmic and nucleer borders, where as the neuron cells in CPF+CUR and CPF+GNL groups appear to be quite similar to those in control group. In immunohistochemical evaluation, the expression rate of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a neurofilament protein, was higher in CP group's hippocampus compared to control group, where as in CPF+CUR and CPF+GNL groups expression rate was lower in contrast with CPF group. The results of this study shows that exposure to CPF in prenatal life has neurotoxic effects on hippocampus, on the other hand CUR and GNL reduces CPF related toxicity.