The relationship of SOX2, cyclin D1 and P21 gene expressions with clinicopathological parameters in prostate adenocarcinomas

Objective: Prostate carcinoma is the most common cancer in elderly men. SOX2 is a transcription factor with an oncogene role. Cyclin D1 and p21 are important gene products that have roles in cell cycle regulation. In this study, we aimed to determine the immunohistochemical expressions of SOX2, p21 and cyclin D1 genes, which play a role in carcinogenesis mechanisms, in prostate adenocarcinoma and to reveal the relationship of these markers with known clinicopathological parameters. Materials-Methods: 90 radical prostatectomy materials diagnosed with prostat adenocarcinoma in Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology between 2015-2021 were retrospectively analyzed. SOX2, p21 and cyclin D1 were studied immunohistochemically on the appropriate paraffin blocks extracted from the archives of our department. The obtained immunohistochemical staining results and clinicopathological parameters were statistically compared. Results: In our study higher SOX2 expression was found in cases with vesiculoseminalis invasion and in cases with more advanced pathological stage. Higher Gleason grade cases had higher cyclin D1 and higher p21 expression. In addition, higher p21 expression was observed in cases with extraprostatic spread Higher cyclin D1 expression was observed in cases with perineural invasion. While a weak positive correlation was observed between cyclin D1 and P21, no correlation was found between SOX2 and other markers. There was no significant correlation between serum PSA level and age and any marker. Conclusion: In our study, we found that the increase in the expression of each marker was associated with poor prognostic parameters in prostate carcinoma. Our results show that these markers can be potential biomarkers that can be used to predict prognosis in prostate carcinoma and may contribute to the development of targeted therapies.