Antibiotics of reishi mushroom, cinnamon and carob against ventilator-related pneumonia bacteria investigation of the synergic effect

In this study, two different solvent extracts of medicinal aromatic mushrooms and plants, reishi mushroom (RM), carob (KB) and cinnamon (T), water and ethyl alcohol extracts, plain (KB, RM, T), mix (KB+RM, KB+T, RM+T) and their formulations and their combinations with antibiotics, antimicrobial (Agar well diffusion test, MIC and MBK test) and biochemical effects (total phenolic-flavonoid and antioxidant activities (DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP) on Pneumonia-associated pathogenic bacteria) test was investigated. In the agar well diffusion test, RMwater lean was determined as 30.12 mm on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and RMalcohol plain was determined as the most effective formulation on K. pneumoniae (16.86 mm zone diameter). Ciprofloxacin added RM+KBwater on K. pneumoniae (32.49 mm), Ciprofloxacin added RM+Talcohol on Acinetobacter baumannii 37.51 mm inhibition zone, Cefotaxime added RMwater 32.48 mm on K. pneumoniae, ciprofloxacin added RMalcohol on Staphylocccus aureus 2.3 mm inhibition 3 effective with the zone. While Twater plain (19.0 mm zone diameter) S. aureus was the most effective, it was determined that K. pneumoniae was the most effective in plain Talcohol extract (14.66 mm zone diameter). The highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime (31.03 mm zone diameter) was K. pneumoniae, and the highest value of Twater with Cefotaxime addition (34.54 mm zone diameter) was S. aureus isolate. While K. pneumoniae was the most effective bacteria with KBwater plain (15.55 mm zone diameter), plain KBalcohol (10.67 mm zone diameter) was effective only in S. aureus. The highest value for BP supplemented with ciprofloxacin (31.06 mm zone diameter) was A. baumannii, while the highest value for BP supplemented with Cefotaxime was A. baumannii with alcohol (33.59 mm zone diameter). RM+Twater bare (24.4 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, while bare RM+Talcohol (12.06 mm zone diameter) was effective in A. baumannii. While RM+Twater (30.41 mm zone diameter) S. aureus had the highest value with ciprofloxacin addition, RM+Talcohol was effective in A. baumannii with the highest value (37.51 mm zone diameter). While RM+KBwater (13.3 mm zone diameter) was the most effective bacteria only K. pneumoniae, RM+KBalcohol (16.73 mm zone diameter) was effective in K. pneumoniae. While RM+KBwater (32.49 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added was K. pneumoniae, S. aureus with the highest value RM+KBalcohol (35.45 mm zone diameter) with ciprofloxacin added. For RM+T+KBwater bare (20.74 mm zone diameter) and RM+T+KBalcohol (13.28 mm zone diameter) only the most effective bacteria was effective only in K. pneumoniae. The highest value with ciprofloxacin supplementation was RM+T+KBwater (30.2 mm zone diameter) A. baumannii, while the highest value was S. aureus isolate with RM+T+KBalcohol (35.06 mm zone diameter). While the RM of the MBC test (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, only P. aeruginosa was effective with the MIC RM (0.375 mg/mL). RMalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) of MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacteria isolates. While Twater (0.750 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, T did not affect any of the extracts in the bacterial isolate in the MIC test. By MBC and MIC testing, Talcohol (0.188 mg/mL) was effective in the majority of all bacterial isolates. MBC test KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while in the MIC test T was effective only (0.750 mg/mL) K. pneumoniae and (0.375 mg/mL) S. aureus. MBC and MIC test was effective in all bacterial isolates with Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL). While RM+Twater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria in the MBC test, RM+T was not effective in any bacterial isolate in the MIC test. While the MBC test RM+Talcohol (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in only 1 isolate of A. baumannii, it was not effective in the majority of other bacteria. RM+Talcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. While RM+KBwater (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, it was not found to be effective in K. pneumoniae bacteria in RM+KB in the MIC test. RM+KBalcohol (0.047 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria, RM+KBalcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates. In MBC and MIC tests, RM+T+KBwater/alcohol (0.750 mg/mL) was effective in all bacteria. Among the extracts in biochemical analysis, the highest phenolic content values were found in KBalcohol (1.59 mg GAE/mL) and KBwater (1.32 mg GAE/mL), and the highest flavonoid substance content values were found in KBwater extract (0.15 mg routine equivalent/mL). In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity value was determined as RMwater (0.35 mg Trolox/mL), the highest CUPRAC activity value was determined as KBalcohol (6.07 mg Trolox/mL), KBwater (4.22 mg Troloks/mL). RM+Talcohol (3.51 mg Trolox/mL), RM+T+KBalcohol (1.90 mg Trolox/mL) Twater (1.75 mg Trolox/mL), the highest FRAP activity values were KBalcohol (3.56 mg Trolox/mL) and KBwater (2.52 mg Trolox/mL). As a result of the study, it was determined that the combination of fungi and herbs, whose rich phenolic and antioxidant properties were determined, with antibiotics was more effective, and the synergistic effect increased the antimicrobial property against pathogen pneumonia isolates. The use of antibiotics with medicinal agents both increased efficacy and inhibited antibiotic-resistant bacteria.