Comparison of two different surfactant administiration methods in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome

Comparison of two different surfactant administiration methods in preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome AIM: In this study, we aimed to compare the LISA and InSurE, which are two different surfactant replacement therapy techniques, in preterm infants diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preterm infants with gestational age ≥26 and ≤34 weeks up in Sakarya Training and Research Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 01.06.2020-31.12.2021 and diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome were compared in terms of two different surfactant administration techniques. The data were retrospectively obtained from patient files and hospital information system notes. Patients' demographic and clinic data were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Of the 93 infants included in the study, 47 patients were in the LISA group, and 46 patients were in the InSurE group. The median birth week was 31 weeks in the LISA group and 30 weeks in the InSurE group. Risk factors of the perinatal period and complication development during the procedure did not create a statistically significant difference between the groups. Repeated surfactant requirement, non invasive ventilation, NIPPV, duration of mechanical ventilation, total oxygen requirement, and length of hospital stay were higher in the LISA group than in the InSurE group, although not statistically significant. The need for intubation in the first 72 hours was 38.3% in the LISA group and 32.6% in the InSurE group. Acute complications and chronic complications were more common in the LISA group then InSurE. CONCLUSION: In this study, we observed that, compared to the InSurE, the LISA technique did not reduce the need for intubation in the first 72 hours, as well as the duration of stay in the invasive-non-invasive ventilator, the prognosis, and the complications of RDS. As the use of the LISA technique, gradually increases, the need arises for more studies comparing it with other techniques. Keywords: Chronic lung disease, InSurE technique, LISA technique, respiratory distress syndrome