Obesity in Turkey from a health management perspective: Issues, policies and proposed solutions

Obesity is a multidimensional public health problem that cannot be explained solely through individual lifestyle choices. It directly affects the organization of health systems, preventive healthcare services, chronic disease management, healthcare expenditures, and population-level health inequalities. This thesis evaluates the current profile of obesity in Türkiye from a health management perspective and examines obesity-related indicators according to age, gender, international comparisons, and biochemical risk markers. The study was designed as a descriptive and comparative secondary data analysis. Data obtained from institutional sources, including the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye, the Turkish Statistical Institute, the World Health Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, were used. The findings were interpreted to identify the distribution of current indicators, patterns of differentiation, and priority areas for health management. The results show that obesity in Türkiye is more prevalent among women and older age groups, while the pre-obese population also represents a significant risk area for the healthcare system. International comparisons indicate that Türkiye should be closely monitored in terms of both obesity and pre-obesity rates. Biochemical indicators further suggest that risk factors such as cholesterol and triglyceride levels vary by gender. Within the thesis, obesity is discussed through the health policy cycle and health systems approach. Policy development, implementation capacity, primary healthcare services, school health practices, data-based monitoring and evaluation, and intersectoral coordination are emphasized as key priorities. Consequently, combating obesity in Türkiye requires stronger preventive services, regular screening and counseling, school-based programs, improved national monitoring systems, and sustainable intersectoral collaboration.