A group of tobacco pipes uncovered at Şanlıurfa Castle excavations between 2020-2023

Lüle is a pipe and, hence, a smoking tool that is filled with tobacco and similar substances. It has an open mouth like a cup and a hole on the side. With the introduction of tobacco in the Ottoman lands at the beginning of the 17th century, tobacco began to be consumed with the help of lüles This thesis examines a group of tobacco pipes unearthed in the Şanlıurfa Castle Excavations, directed by Prof. Dr. Gülriz KOZBE in 2020, which are currently preserved in the warehouse of the Şanlıurfa Museum. While excavations are ongoing in the Şanlıurfa Castle Excavations, this thesis focuses on a group of tobacco pipes unearthed between 2020 and 2023. These examples are considered as folk art. Of the 249 pipes unearthed, 50 were almost complete or in fragment included in our study. Samples are dated by using the evidence on type and. The pipes were then grouped into five types defined based on their bowl and base forms: flat round bowl, round bowl, cylindrical bowl, keel bowl pipe, and disc-based pipe. The production of the pipes dates back to the beginning of tobacco consumption in the Ottoman Empire the 17th century when workshops were established. However, the since most pipes do not have a date or a stamp impression on an exact date cannot be provided. The pipe samples found in the Şanlıurfa Castle excavations are dated between the 17th and 19th centuries, as indicated by their clay, colour and, type, characteristics.