Investigation of the effects of sinapic asid on penicillininduced epileptiform activity in rats

Epilepsy is a disease that develops due to many different causes and is characterized by recurrent and spontaneous seizures. Many factors, such as oxidative stress, play a role in the physiopathology of degenerative and chronic neuronal disorders such as epilepsy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, SA), which has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, on penicillin-induced epileptiform activity. In study, 42 adult 230±30 g male Wistar rats were used. Rats were divided into 6 groups as SHAM, control (KONT), diazepam (DZM), only SA (SSA), 10 mg/kg SA (SA_10) and 20 mg/kg SA (SA_20). All substances except penicillin were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). The rats were anesthetized by i.p. administration of urethane, and electrodes were placed on the somatomotor area on the left cortex, and a 120-minute electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording of the rats was recorded. At the end of the experiment, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by the ELISA method from serum samples were taken from all animals. The onset time of the first epileptiform activity time-dependent spike wave frequency (DDS), total DDS and spike wave amplitude (DDG) of epileptiform activity were analyzed from the data obtained from ECoG recordings. When the data was examined, SA_10 and SA_20 groups found the first epileptic seizure onset time to be longer than the CONT group. Similarly, time-dependent DDS and total DSS of SA_10 and SA_20 groups were found to be lower than the KONT group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of DDG (except for some time periods). While SOD, CAT and GPx levels of SA_10 and SA_20 groups were higher than CONT and SHAM groups, MDA levels were found to be lower. As a result, it was determined that SA prolongs the onset of the first epileptic seizure and has a decreasing effect on the number of time-dependent DDS and total DDS. It has also been found to cause an increase in important antioxidant levels. These results suggest that SA will be used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of epilepsy and will shed light on future studies.