Discussing the impact of online environments on violent extremism and radicalization processes through the study of terrorism

Radicalization and extremism disrupt the order established by states and increase polarization within society, increasing hate speech. Traditional radicalization refers to the establishment of face-to-face communication and directing individuals to the radicalization process. Today, the developments brought by the internet have affected radicalization processes and brought new radicalization processes to the agenda. Online environments have increased the visibility of online radicalization by paving the way for individuals to spend more time in the virtual world and consume more extremist content. The transition from traditional radicalization to online radicalization has also caused transformations in the strategies of radical individuals or groups; and has brought new and complex problems in combating radicalization. This study examines the role of online environments in violent extremism and radicalization processes and the connection of these processes with terrorism. The study examines whether online radicalization has replaced traditional radicalization; what the effects of online environments are in violent extremism and radicalization processes; and what the methods of combating violent extremism and radicalization are. In this context, relevant literature, national and international reports, policy documents, analyses of digital activities of terrorist organizations, data published by security institutions and news sources were examined. The findings revealed that traditional radicalization environments evolved into online environments with technological developments and in violent extremism and radicalization processes, online environments accelerate radicalization processes and facilitate their reaching large masses. In addition, it was observed that online environments were actively used in the phenomenon of terrorism, which is a result of radicalization processes, and were used as a means of interaction and communication in the radicalization of individuals or groups, in propaganda activities. Finally, methods for combating radicalization were discussed and suggestions were made for more effective conduct of the fight.