Identification and antibiotic susceptibilities of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa strains isolated from Sinop and environs provinces

Nosocomial infections are a major health problem that complicates treatment, causing increased morbidity and mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is especially in patients with suppressed immune system, respiratory and urinary tract, burns and open wounds of an opportunistic pathogen. In this study were carried out the characterization of the total of 55 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa including 54 local and one reference from various clinics of three different hospitals in Sinop and neighboring provinces according to phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial properties, plasmid DNA profiles, the characterization of total cellular and extracellular protein profile between January 2014-June 2014. Conventional biochemical testing procedures were used for the isolation and identification of local isolates. According to morphological and physiological characteristics, all local isolates were motile, spore-forming, Gram-negative, catalase, oxidase and citrate positive, whereas they were DNase, indole and methyl red negative. Furthermore, the 41% isolates hydrolysis to gelatin. The antibiotic susceptibility of all strains against 19 standard drugs was tested using disc diffusion method. According to antibiogram results, it was determined that antibiotic susceptibilites of all strains; were clindamysin (100%), penicillin G (100%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), tetracyclin (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), cefotaxsime (98.1%), colistin (70.4%), ampicillin/sulbactam (61.1%), ciprofloxacin (55.5%), ofloxacin (46.3%), gentamicin (40.7%), cefepime (39%), imipenem (33.3%), meropenem (22.2%), ceftazidime (22%), piperacillin (20.4%), tazobactam/piperacillin (18.5%), aztreonam (13%) and amikacin (5.5%), respectively. The numerical analysis of whole total cell protein profiles revealed that the tested strains separated to two groups at similarity levels 76% and above it. The Group A includes reference strains and 14 local isolates were divided into two subgroups (A1-A2) on the level of similarity and 79%. In addition, the numerical analysis of extracellular protein profiles of strains has showed that the level of similarity in 69% and created two (C-D) groups were formed. The group C, includes 14 local strain and Group D, includes the 4 local isolates. Plasmid DNA analysis results showed that the change different plasmids in all strains between 14.500-618 bp. In the tested strains, molecular weight 14.500 bp, 1.392 bp and 983 bp plasmid, this case was determined to be common to all strains. As a result, the resistance of isolates the imipenem and meropenem are orderly 33.3% and 22.2%, the treatments in which imipenem is preferred shows that it will be high failure results. Isolates has showed the lowest resistance against to amikacin (aminoglycosides). Although aminoglycosides which are still preferred antibiotics in the treatment of infections caused by P. aeruginosa, it should be taken cure that the increasing rates of resistance for this group and the other majority of antibiotics groups. Therefore, the measures that have taken to prevent irrational drug use should be examined carefully and the development of resistance should be followed regularly. Moreover, in addition to the morphological and the physiological findings obtained from this study, the total cell and extracellular protein profile obtained from SDS-PAGE technique can also provide useful epidemiological information for discrimination of P. aeruginosa species isolated from Sinop and environs provinces at the subspecies level. Key Words : P. aeruginosa, Antibiogram, SDS-PAGE, Protein Profiles, Plasmid