Determining the primary school teachers' knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study was conducted using a qualitative research method to determine the knowledge levels and awareness of primary school teachers regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Semi-structured questions were used in the research, and interviews were conducted with 22 primary school teachers working in the Karadeniz Ereğli district of Zonguldak. The focus of the study was on the teachers' knowledge and experiences related to students with ASD. The findings of the research revealed that teachers identified ASD as a developmental disorder, noted that autistic individuals face difficulties in social skills, and exhibit obsessive behaviors. However, the teachers expressed that they lacked in-depth knowledge about the disorder. Other key findings highlighted the challenges faced in implementing individualized education plans (IEPs), limited educational materials, and crowded classes. The teachers emphasized the importance of inclusive education for students with ASD but also pointed out the need for more individual support and expert assistance. Opinions on the causes of ASD ranged from genetic factors to environmental influences, digital exposure, and even vaccine debates. However, the literature indicates that many of these views are marked by uncertainty, and teachers require more information on the subject. The importance of early diagnosis was also emphasized, and teachers noted the challenges families face in accepting the diagnosis. Additionally, the critical role of family collaboration in the educational processes of children with ASD was emphasized. This study concludes that teachers need to enhance their knowledge and receive more support regarding ASD, and that class sizes should be reduced for inclusive education to be implemented effectively. Moreover, organizing in-service training for teachers and educating families on ASD is vital for improving the educational processes of children with ASD. KEYWORDS: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Inclusive Education, Individualized Education Plan (IEP)