Polyurethan production from fall leaves

A large scale search has begun for new high-performance and cost-effective materials in recent years. With increasing environmental awareness, this search has been gathered under the slogans of "particularly renewable and sustainable". These concepts are coming into prominence today, and the usage of natural fibers with composite materials and polymers is increasing rapidly. The improvement of these materials are really important for not just science, but for creating new employment opportunities. The non-nutrient agricultural wastes create new business opportunities in countryside. Polymeric materials replaced a lot of materials over the last few years, but polymers synthesized from petroleum based monomers can do a lot of harm to the environment and the bad effects of those polymers doesn't dissolve quickly and pollutes the environment for a long time, and the researchers' interest headed towards more natural procedures and natural products. The interest to the natural fibers increased rapidly after 1990's, because researchers tried to find environment friendly products. Also, the petroleum resources weren't infinite, and the structure of lignocellulosic materials (such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were studied and understood a lot better, compared to petroleum based products. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be found in the plant cells; in the structure of the cell wall. Our country has a high potential in terms of renewable energy sources. Turkey accounts for two-thirds of these resources according to the report biomass energy. This is a result of studies to assess the causes biomass. Cellulose - which is widespread in nature- is a tough, fibrous, and hydrofobic natural polymer.The structure of wood is heavily consisted of cellulose. It can be found on plants' branches, and all of the woody parts of the plants. The molecular structure is not branched, and it includes 10000-15000 D-Glukose unit. The glukose units in the cellulose structure are bonded with (β 1→4) glucosidic bonds. The secondary cell wall, primary cell wall microfibrils are microfibrils and more intense than those of cellulose crystals. Cellulose nature almost never does it alone. Usually found in combination with other herbal substances. This affects the degradation of cellulose in the natural environment. Cellulose fibers are primarily hemicellulose, being embedded in the matrix of other polymers, including pectin and protein. The chemical properties of cellulose are determined almost exclusively by functional groups. These groups are usually participate in any chemical reaction cellulose. Functional groups in the cellulose molecules within the three alcoholic hydroxyl group in each glukozanhidrit units are oxygen bridge between units. One of the primary hydroxyl groups (C6-OH) two secondary (C2-OH and C3-OH) in character. The acidity of these hydroxyl groups C6-OH