Finance deficits of social security systems and comparative analysis among countries

In this study, the definition of Social Security Systems is presented, and the determinations and size of their financial deficits are compared with tables and graphics.The necessary data is compiled from international sources, data banks, various reports, articles and from the books that are published in connection with this subject.As is the case in the world in general, the arguments regarding the social security system in Turkey have further intensified during recent years and it is stated by various sectors that the system is unsustainable in its existing form and that it must be reorganized. In this framework efforts for designing a Social Security Reform have been started in 1999 and it is finally enforced in 2008.The objective of this study is not to present novel comments about the existing social security systems. The purpose is to investigate the reasons and dimensions of the social security systems and to present the global condition by comparing them among countries.In the first section, within the frame of a general outlook to Social Security Systems, the definition, objective, historical development, its place in international norms, the related developments in the Ottoman Empire and later in Turkish Republic are mentioned.In second section, the models of Social Security Systems are mentioned, the layout of the system, its developments, its applications in some of the European countries and reform works in Turkey are considered.Again in this section, the problems of Social Security finance deficits are mentioned and their reasons are considered, and it is observed that this problem is common to both the developed and developing countries ?although its dimensions and reasons may vary-. Also the solution proposals for said deficits are considered in this section.In the third section, the Social Security Systems with respect to countries are compared and the global table is presented.As a solution the Social Security Finance deficit, the problem is not specific to Turkey. The problems that are encountered in the developed countries and in the developing countries, although they may differ as for their dimensions and sources, the proposals regarding solution of social security systems have similarities and joint issues.At its current layout, it is required to convert the social security into the state policy, to create the social security consciousness in the society, to prevent the unregistered employment and if necessary to increase the administrative money penalties for this purpose, to perform its auditing process seriously and the financial contributions of the state should be reviewed.Key Words1.Social Security2.Reform3.Finance Deficits4.Asset-Liability Balance5.Retirement