At the time of Soviet Union Karachai and Balkars

Caucasia has been a place for several Turkish tribes from times of Great Hun Empire to protect themselves from dangers, After European Huns and especially during the migrations of Itil Bulgars and great Kumans, som Kuman groups had settled in Caucasia. Now Karachay-Balkar Turks live in Northern Caucasia as the heir of those Khuman groups. Although they sometimes had independence, Karachay - Balkar groups were usually ruled by different Turkish states. İn the 18fl century Karachay-Balkar Turks left their former religion Shamanizm and accepted İslam religion just before they enter the Ottoman rulership. But the Ottoman rulership lasted in a short time and Karachay Balkar area began to change hand between Russia and Ottomans. When King regime was given end in 1917 with the October revolotion, Karachay - Balkar became under rulership of Communist administration. After then Karachay-Balkars were objected to the same politics as they were in the King regime but only the manner was diff erred. The Caucausia Opposition movement which began in the imams period also continued in the Communist term. Like all other islamic- Turkic groups Karachay-Balkars were also objected to an affective assimilation policy by the communist regime. This assimilation policy was extremely carried out by Stalin. Contrery to Lenin's mild policies, an authoritarian administration was held by Stalin highly pressing on the cultural values like religion and language. Pressure began to increas when the II. World War started. During the war, Karachay-Balkars had armed opposition mouements, besides they had cooperation with Germans. When the destiny of the war changed, all of the Karachay Balkars were forced to migrate and they were delivered toTürkistan geography. Some of Karachay-Balkars went to Europe by following the German Army and were put under the statue of refugee. Later they were sent to Soviets union as prisoner of wars. Karachay-Balkars who were living in exile in Türkistan had very hard living conditions. Having lost half of their population during the migration Karachay-Balkars returned to their fatherlands in Khrustchev time after Stalin died in 1957. But they were faced with new troubles in Caucasia. Now these troubles are continueing and they are the indicators of the political uncertainity.