Inflation models as solution of the standard model of universe's early time poblems

In this thesis, the idea of inflation presented as an alternative since the Standard Universe model does not provide solutions to the problems of the early stages of the universe is examined and different inflation models created in this context are discussed. The standard universe model and its observational evidence and problems are examined under a section. In the next section, the idea of inflation is explained as a solution to the problems of the Standard Universe model. Then, by introducing the necessary concepts for inflation, the physical dynamics necessary for solving the problems of the inflation period are introduced. Slow rolling concepts and their roles, which are necessary for some inflation models, have been mentioned and these models have been examined by putting forward the field dynamics. The primordial perturbations that lead to today's structures are examined within the framework of the inflationary universe and observational parameters are presented. Finally, the problems of inflation theory are examined and alternative models to inflation are briefly mentioned.