Problems and solution suggestions in the transfer of culture-oriented elements in the sample of Stefan Zweig's "Ungeduld des Herzens"

Although translation studies, which have an important place in the development of the language, are generally known as an activity between two languages, they also create change between two cultures. The translation of a literary work both reflects the culture in which it was created and contributes to intercultural communication. Thus, through these works, we get to know cultures whose languages we do not know closely and compare them with our own culture. Difficulties in transferring cultural elements into another language in the translation of literary works is one of the important issues faced by translators. In this study, the problems encountered in the translation of the culture-oriented elements of Austrian writer Stefan Zweig's novel "Ungeduld des Herzens" into Turkish by five different translators and their solution suggestions are discussed. Since there are 23 other translations of the novel in the market besides the five translations analyzed in this study, it was aimed to determine the difference in translators' decisions. The period in which the events of the novel take place and the fact that the protagonist is a soldier have increased the use of military terms and words specific to the culture of that period in the work, and their transfer to the target language has gained importance. The aim of the study is to determine how five different translators transfer the culture-oriented elements of a widely read and translated foreign author's work into the target language, to explain the decisions taken by the translators in the translation of cultural elements with the help of strategies, and to evaluate the differences between these decisions. For this evaluation, the 88 culture-oriented elements identified from the novel "Ungeduld des Herzens" were organized under eight headings according to Newmark's cultural element classification, and then analyzed according to Aixela's macro-micro strategies for the translation of culture-specific elements and Venuti's localization/alienation strategies. The distribution of preferred strategies for each title and translator was evaluated in the form of graphs, tables and explanations. At the end of the study, each translator used between 65-80 micro-strategies to transfer 88 culture-oriented elements into the target text. In general, translators tried to transfer culture-oriented elements into the target text and introduce the source culture, and mostly preferred the macro-strategies of Indigenization. Although translators' decisions were shaped differently for each title and example in line with the micro-strategies they chose, they all preferred to take the author to the reader.