Study the effect of oxidative stress and some chemical variables in patients with renal failure in the city of Dhi Qar

Renal failure is a clinical condition of dysfunction occrus in the kidneys, making it imparied to remove the wastes of the body. The increase of its prevelance in males and females worldwide at young and elder ages defines it as a global burden to the healthcare system, and important topic for research. Oxidative stress is a medical condition in which the levels of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased and/or the levels of antixodants are decreased to reach a state of oxidatve damage to the macromolecules of cellular system. The oxdiative damage of lipids occurs in a process known as lipid peroxidation. One of the well known end-products of lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde (MDA), which can be used to indicate the state of oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation in a biological system. The antixoidants on the other hand comprise wide spectrum of materials that can be classified under enzymatic, protein (such as ceruloplasmin), and small metabolites as endogenous antioxidants, and vitamins as exogenous antixodiants. All of the antixodant materials are integrate to perform a collective function of detoxification for free radicals and ROS, preventing the oxidative damage. The efficiency of the entire antioxidant materials can be determined by total antioxidant capaciry (TAC) test. The present study took the interest of leptin, and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of renal failure disease. A combined 120 subject were included in this study who divided into 60 control and 60 renal failure patients. Each of the two groups contained 30 males and 30 females. The age and body mass index were selected to be non-significant in their differences between the controls and renal failure patients. The levels of serum urea, creatinine, and cystatin C were elevated in renal failure patients while the GFR level was reduced. By taking malondialdehyde as oxidant parameter, its level was increased significantly in renal failure patients, while the antioxidant capacity was reduced in the serum of patients. Moreover, ceruloplasmin was increased in renal failure patients compared to controls. Also, the level of serum leptin was increased in renal failure patients compared to control. At last, the level of total iron binding capacity was reduced in patients while the level of ferritin was increased significantly.