Study possible correlations among solar activities, geomagnetic storms, radon gas, ionospheric and atmospheric anomalies with some earthquakes

This study examined the variations of soil air radon gas concentration measured by an AlphaMETER-611 detector at 100 cm depth in Gebze station- Türkiye from 01-01-2006 to 01-04-2008. The main objective was to detect possible seismically generated radon anomalies after eliminating both normal variations like diurnal and seasonal and meteorological produced variations namely soil and atmospheric temperatures, relative humidity and precipitation. For this purpose, ARIMA, MCS, and forward-MLR were used and they simultaneously detected radon anomalies in 2007 prior to earthquakes. Then, an Actual Feed ARIMA was proposed to improve the predictability of the simple ARIMA model, it was observed that the AFARIMA model was superior ARIMA model in terms of longer Rn anomaly detection as the new approach used the actual data to predict the next forecasted data. Moreover, the previous techniques detected anomalies were confirmed by applying Rn-Rn anomaly detection methods. In 2006 and 2007, anomalies were observed 22 days and 21 days before the earthquakes, respectively. Moreover, another aim was to investigate possible radon-generated anomalies in atmospheric AT and ARH, and ionospheric TEC anomalies before the considered earthquakes due to the possible radon air ionization by applying µ±2σ technique. The observed TEC anomaly at the ista-station inside the preparation zone about three days before the earthquakes in 2006 can be viewed as a possible precursor because it is synchronized with Rn anomalies, and it is observed during a quiet geomagnetic storm and inactive solar activities.