The effect of water restriction on yield and quality in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plant

The study was carried out in 2018 in the greenhouse area of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. Purpose of the study; The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the essential oil rate and yield, as well as the herba yield and yield components of different doses of nitrogen application in the basil plant exposed to water stress at different levels. The basil (Ocimum basilicum L) used in the study was grown in pots of 86 x 32 x 30 cm in size and filled with field soil. Previously it was germinated in viols and surprised by 6 plants per pot. In addition to different nitrogen doses (0 - 30 - 60 - 90 - 120 kg ha-1), 60 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 60 kg ha-1 of potassium were applied to the pots before planting. All the pots were subjected to similar irrigation until the beginning of flowering, and all the pots were divided into three groups together with the flowering, and three different irrigation levels (adding water until the field capacity reached 90%; 60%; 30% to the field capacity) until maturation. In the results of working; Decrease in soil water content compared to control, 5,05% increase in fresh root weight (FRW), 31,92% in fresh branch weight (FBW), 16,36% in drog root weight (DRW), herba drog weight (29,37% in DHA), 20,11% in drog biomass weight (DBioW), 30,42% in number of plant leaves (NPL), 23,30% in single leaf area (SLA), plant leaves It was determined that it caused a decrease of 44,04% in the area (BYA), 20,50% in fresh herba oil rate (FHOR) and 22,11% in fresh herba oil yield (FHOY). As for nitrogen application, fresh root weight (FRW), fresh branch weight (FBW), drog leaf weight (DLW), drog herba weight (DHW), drog biomass weight (DBioW), plant leaf number (PLN), single leaf area (SLA ), plant leaf area (PLA), drog herba oil ratio (DHOR) and drog herba oil yield (DHOY), respectively 11,96%; 45,89%; 63,14%; 49,73%; 37,63%; 8,24%; It caused an increase of 78,57% and 50,00%. On the other hand, soil water stress caused a decrease of 3,05% in fresh herb weight (THA) and 2,55% in fresh biomass weight (TBioA). On the other hand, nitrogen application caused an increase in both fresh herba weight (THA) and fresh biomass weight (TBioA) (4,82% and 4,99%). As a result; It is concluded that in the environment where there is no water stress or mildness in spice cultivation, it is necessary to harvest in the period of high nitrogen application and in the period immediately before aging, in the cultivation for essential oil, it is absolutely not allowed to dry at high temperature, in the soil when the plant reaches the maximum habitus. It was reached.