The effect of different row spacing on grain yield and quality traits of wheat cultivars in irrigated and rainfall conditions

This study, different row spacings (18, 20 and 22 cm) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in order to determine to the effects on yield elements and some quality traits was carried out on rainfed and irrigated conditions in Konya conditions, during the 2020-2021 growing season. The experiments were set up with a split-plot design in the form of randomized complete blocks with three replications, cultivars took place at main plots and row spacings at subplots. In the study, the effects of row spacings on plant height, spica length, number of grain per spica, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, hectoliter weight, protein ratio, starch ratio, alveograph energy value, grain hardness, wet gluten ratio and zeleny sedimentation value of bread wheats were investigated. Statistically significant differences were found between the cultivars in terms of all the traits examined in both rainfed and irrigated trials. Significant differences were found between the cultivars in terms of all the investigated examined, except for the fat ratio. In the experiment grown with irrigation, statistically significant differences were determined between planting frequencies in terms of plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain yield, thousand grain weight and hectoliter weight. The highest grain yield was obtained in Reis cultivar (235.2 kg da-1) under precipitation-based conditions, and Bayraktar 2000 cultivar (412.9 kg da-1) under irrigated conditions. In addition, the highest grain yield was obtained from 18 cm (164.2 kg da-1) and 20 cm (160.8 kg da-1) row spacings under precipitation-based conditions. Since there is no statistical difference between these row spacings in terms of yield, 20 cm row spacing can be recommended. In irrigated conditions, the highest grain yield was obtained from row spacing of 20 cm (412.9 kg da-1). The results of this study showed significant differences in grain yield and grain quality characteristics of bread wheat according to cultivars, frequencies, precipitation-based and irrigated conditions. For this reason, it shows that determining suitable varieties and row spacing in areas where bread wheat cultivation is carried out is very important for economic production as well as obtaining high yield and quality products in wheat agriculture.