Sürdürülebilir karbon kısıtlı enerji üretim perspektifleri

There is a consensus that climate change, which is about to become a major disaster for humankind, is largely due to anthropogenic activities. Greenhouse gases (dominated by CO2) emissions play a dominant role there. Majority of the emissions results from energy consumption. Today, mitigating CO2 emissions consists one of the fundamental missions of the humankind. One such task is to reduce the global energy demand. Enhancing efficiency, recycling, promoting behavioral changes to reduce energy demanding activities are among such measures. In this work, the effectiveness of another set of approaches involving the alteration of energy sources and carriers, while meeting the specified energy demand forecasts has been investigated. Predictions for the energy demand and resulting CO2 emissions are calculated on economic sectors basis. Materials demand forecasts for the industry sector, passenger and freight activity forecasts for the transport sector, and energy demand forecasts directly for the buildings sector have been collected from the literature. These sources are selected specifically so that no mitigation intended reductions to future demands have been applied. Electricity generated from renewables and nuclear, electrolytic hydrogen, and solar thermal are designated as the new energy carriers and sources. By recommending their penetration rates in all three economic sectors, electricity demand until 2100 has been determined. Data for today's operating power plants are analyzed and the need for the additional generation capacity is determined. A generation mix, consisting of renewable and nuclear, is proposed and the resulting generation capacity requirement and CO2 emissions until 2100, are assessed.