Sürdürülebilir kentsel tarım için sistem tasarımlarının analizi: İstanbul bostanları için öneriler

Urban agricultural areas encompass different typologies based on their prioritized outputs, which include access to healthy food, relation to alternative economic models, employment opportunities, role as a meeting space for different social groups, and contribution to physical and mental health. These differences should be designed with a holistic perspective within the common food production framework. Otherwise, the designs and systems reliant on external input will subsequently become dysfunctional and collapse due to the long-term lack of sustainability and resilience. However, the current situation in the bostans of Istanbul shows that, customarily, the urban agricultural designs and management decisions solely responding to food production-related needs without regard to sustainability criteria continue to be considered successful. Particularly the bostans designed by local authorities are observed to incorporate standard designs and operating models without taking notice of different needs. Furthermore, in the literature review conducted, it is noteworthy that the emphasis is put on the importance of agriculture for ''sustainable cities'' rather than the sustainability of urban agricultural areas. Therefore, the research aims to propose recommendations for improving the current condition of the determined bostan examples in Istanbul following analyses through economic, ecological, and social sustainability perspectives and for planning design and operating models suited to different typologies in the future bostans. Fine examples from around the world were examined for these recommendations that can be conceived as instructions in a manual. Field visits conducted in the past ten years and the preliminary research have concluded that the existing urban agricultural areas are insufficient in number and scale, and the local authorities and users do not pursue sustainable systems. Furthermore, three urban agricultural areas were selected as examples of different typologies to expand the research; and recommendations were proposed following analyses of their current conditions, space use, structures, management, users, and production outputs. The examples are as follows: - Commercial Bostan: Yedikule Bostans - Neighbourhood Bostan: Kuzguncuk Bostan - Sponsored Bostan: Akmerkez Terasta Tarım Project The analyses demonstrated that although the recommendations varied for different typologies in examining design criteria, producing solutions for soil infertility and drought was prioritized, as food production was the common ground for all. Key Words: Urban agriculture, bostan, productive landscape, system, design, sustainability, permaculture.