Sizing, energy management and economic analysis of PV powered micro grid with community battery or ev battery storage considering demand response

ABSTRACT M.Sc. Thesis Sizing, Energy Management and Economic Analysis Of PV Powered Micro Grid With Community Battery Or EV Battery Storage Considering Demand Response Gül Feray SEZEN Manisa Celal Bayar University Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences Department of Energy Systems Engineering Supervisor: Asst.Prof.Dr. Kıvanç BAŞARAN The development of smart grid and smart micro grid Technologies has been an important step for the electrical power systems of the future. In smart micro grid systems field, renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, demand side management and the integration of electric vehicles into the grid form the basis of the research topics. The use of different types of energy generation sources and storage systems and their integration into the electricity grid with the demand side management system, makes it imperative to develop smart control and energy management systems. Among the renewable energy source, especially the use of wind and solar energy stands out. When it comes to urban or small scale power systems, it is seen that the solar energy is used to a great extent. Solar energy is discrete energy source just like many other renewable energy sources. For this reason, when there is no energy production in the PV system it is necessary to either store the produced energy or use energy from the grid, to ensure energy continuity. To store electrical energy Accumulators (batteries) are most used technology. However, it is not preferred to use battery especially in grid-connected systems due to both battery life problems and costs. Therefore, various studies are carried out for the economical use of batteries in grid-connected systems. Among these studies, two idea stands out. One of them is the use of batteries with sufficient capacity during the time when grid electricity is expensive. Second one is central battery usage. In the use of central batteries, it is necessary to netting with electricity distribution companies, determining the usage and netting conditions of the central batter of other other apartments in the building. Also, related regulations need to be issued. In recent years, electric vehicle usage increased rapidly in the World. In electric vehicles, a battery with a capacity of about 15-20 times greater than the battery capacity that a flat will need in a day is used. This brought up the use of electric vehicles not only as an energy consuming element in smart microgrids, but also as an element that supplies energy to the system. Efficient and effective use of energy has great importance. Therefore, both the use of energy efficient devices and the usage time intervals of devices are important in smart microgrids. While some of the electronic devices used in homes are classified as non-replaceable devices, some are classified as devices with flexible working hours. The process of determining and managing the usage hours and times of electrical devices is called demand-side management. Demand-side management is as important process as generating electricity. Fort his reason, in smart systems based on renewable energy sources, the energy production side and the energy consumption side interact. In this thesis, In this thesis study, necessary calculations and simulation studies have been made to meet the electrical energy need of a building from the central battery and / or vehicle battery supported photovoltaic (PV) power system. In addition, flexible and fixed working time devices and specifications for demand side management were determined in the examined building and necessary studies were carried out for demand side management. In order to sizing the power system, firstly, meteorological data suç as radiation and temperature in the area where the building is located were provided. In line with the information obtained, the PV system and battery sizing that will be needed was made by developing an algorithm. This algorithm has been developed as the basis of the thesis work and the energy management unit that operates accordingly. After optimum dimensioning of battery backed PV power system, economic analysis of the system was made. In the economic analysis study, the most commonly accepted calculation techniques in the literature which are levelized cost of energy (LCOE), net present value (NPV) and pay back period were used. As a result, the annual energy need of the building is 4,940,811 kWh, 14 PV panels with a power of 325 Wp and a battery of 15kWh capacity should be used to meet this need. Levelized cost of energy calculated as 0,109094183, system pay back period calculated as 15 years and Net Present Value calculated as 34,86171052. Keywords: Demand Response, Load Forecasting, Community Storage System, Electric Vehicle, V2G, PV System Sizing, Economic Analysis of PV System