Reflection of women's rights and violence against women between reform and Republicin ottoman press

From the last period of Ottoman Empire onward the role of women in society increased importantly and this was approached differently from different political groups. The importance of women's rights and women's social identity began to be recognized in the representations of political views. In the first years of the Republic, in the period of the constitution of national identity, the building of women's identity additionally important. In this process, the social mission of women was emphasized by different media, above all it was attempted to improve the consciousness of the women themselves about their missions. For this there were published many newspapers and their number increased in the time of Second Constitutional Monarchy. Women tried that they were heard and began to seek their rights and justice. In this dissertation, newspapers and periodicals of this period are being researched regarding the social repression of women, which the women were subject to. In the modernization of Ottoman Empire and Republic the change which took place in the situation of women, women's fights for their social and political rights are being focused on. In addition, research is being conducted regarding to what extend and how the psychological and physical violence was documented in the press. In order to fulfill this aim, firstly, the place of the women is being analyzed in religion, in social and political life. Secondly, researched is conducted regarding the role of women in individual and social life in Ottoman Empire, and the place of women in education and work is being analyzed from social and legal perspective. After the renunciation of the Republic a description is given of how reforms are reflected in the women's rights in social life and work, political rights concerning to vote and to stand for election. This is being done by comparing the situation of women in Ottoman time and in the time of the Republic respectively. In Ottoman Empire, while the women took over the role which was prescribed by society such as being housewife, child rearing, and tried to escape this socially prescribed role by trying to establish socially broader life; in the period of Republic the women is being directed toward certain forms of appearance within the framework of the logic of modernization. Key Words: Reform (Tanzimat), Republic, woman, women's rights, violence, press.