Evaluation of new building design approaches in the historical environment with multi-criteria decision-making methods based on the contrast relationship between old (Historic) and new buildings

Spatial needs differ, and the built environment changes depending on factors such as changing and developing needs over time, increasing population and urbanization, and changing socio-cultural structure. As a result, historical environments that reflect the traces of past periods remain idle or are adapted to the needs of the age. Approaches developed to integrate historical environments into urban life make it possible to ensure these areas' continued use and protection. Improvement of urban design elements for historical environments to actively participate in urban life, in many cases, it becomes necessary to re-function historical buildings that are concrete documents or to build new buildings in these areas. The relationship established between both new buildings built in historical environments and contemporary additions built depending on the new functions given to historical buildings and the historical texture is of great importance for the protection of historical environments. In the conservation regulations and the research conducted, it is stated that the new building should reflect the architecture of the period in which it was designed and should be distinguishable from the historical environment. In this context, designs to be made within the historical environment can be developed in a way that creates a contrast between the historical building and the new building or contemporary addition. In this way, the new structure can be clearly distinguished and effectively reflect the architectural understanding of the period. In this thesis study, the importance of applying the contrast approach in new building designs within the historical environment and the importance of the parameters effective in creating the contrast were determined by the Pythagorean Fuzzy AHP method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. Using the Pythagorean Fuzzy TOPSIS method, the contrast of the buildings was evaluated through new buildings and contemporary annex examples. In this study, a contrast in new building design in the historical environment was evaluated for the first time using PB-AHP and PB-TOPSIS methods. In this way, the degree of influence of the criteria affecting the contrast and the degree of contrast of the designs examined were calculated by obtaining numerical data.