Histopathologic evaluation of single wavelength conventional and dual wavelength new generation low energy laser applications in an experimental osteoarthritis model in rabbits

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to different musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders affecting the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), masticatory muscles and surrounding tissues. The etiology of TMDs is multifactorial. The literature lists several different factors that can lead to the development of TMDs, including trauma, psychosocial factors, systemic factors (rheumatologic, endocrine, neurologic, myopathies, fibromyalgia, comorbid diseases such as insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome), local factors (non-specific orofacial symptoms such as stiffness, pain, cramping) and genetic factors. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is referred to in the literature as therapeutic laser therapy, laser biostimulation or low level laser therapy. The use of LLLT for TMDs is beneficial due to its ease of application, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. In this study, experimental osteoarthritis was induced in rabbits and the histopathologic effects of single wavelength conventional and dual wavelength new generation low energy laser applications were investigated. As a result, traditional and new generation laser applications increased the regeneration capacity at the cellular level, but no statistically significant difference was found (p<0.05). Further research is needed to determine more effective laser treatment protocols in the treatment of osteoarthritis.