The interaction of antioxidant mechanism and nox in incisional oral mucosal wound healing of the rabbit

Wound healing occurs when epithelial, endothelial, inflamatuar cells, trombosits and fibroblasts come together and act in an predetermined and in an orderly manner to perform their functions. Reactive oxigen substances (ROS) , which continually take roles in physical and pathological processes, may become harmful to the organisms in cases where they are not balanced by anti-oxidants. ROS are related to all steps of the wound healing process. Aminoguanidine (AMG), an antioxidant which especially inhibits iNOS activities selectively, is a subtance especially used to decrease local and systematic inflamations.In this study, the goal was to find out effect of AMG application (100 mg/kg 3 days) on malondialdehide (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NOx) which are found in soft tissue and plasma in the process of cut wound healing located rabbit mouth.The substance AMG was given in two different manner namely local formulation and subcutan (sc) application. The usage purpose of locally applied (PEG) drops which are containing polyethilen glycol is to make controlled release. There are 3 groups in this study .The first Group I (n=6) with cut-wound at the right-side of the mouth, Group II with cut wound at the right side of the mouth and the group was applied AMG PEG bead containing 12,7 mg and finally third-group Group III , n=6 , with cut-wound at the right side, which was applied PEG with sc AMG 100mg/kg 3 days locally.No surgical action was performed at the upper-left part of the rabbit jaw however, in order to check and compare the cut-wound in the right-side of the jaw, some tissue sampling procedures were performed at the upper-left part of the jaw.In our study, MDA levels of wounded-tissues of Group-II and Group-III were lower, when compared to Group-I respectively 2.13±0.21 nmol/g tissue 2.2±0.56 nmol/g tissue, 7.5±3.37 nmol/g tissue, p<0.05).When group plasma MDA levels were compared, levels of Group-II and Group-III were found to be lower than level of Group-I (0,31±0.12 nmol/ml; 0.36±0.15 nmol/ml; 0.98±0.18 nmol/ml; p<0.05).Wounded tissue GSH levels of Group-I, when they were compared to Group-I healty tissue GSH levels, were increased (0.76±0.01 ?mol/g tissue, 0.57±0.05 ?mol/g tissue, p<0.05).When compared to Group-I, GSH levels of Group-II and Group-III were found to be slightly increased however this increment was not found to be meaningful (p>0,05)However, when compared Group-I and Group-II results, level of plasma sulfidril compounds (RSH) of Group-III were found to be increased meaningfully( Group-III value 476.4±67.2 nmol/ml ; Group-II value 278.1±117.8 nmol/ml ; Group-I value 359.3±51.1 nmol/ml ; p<0.05)In our study, NO levels were the same in all groups. However, for the healty sides of groups, when findings of Group-III were compared to the findings Group-I and Group-II; for the Group-II, NO levels of wounds were found to be decreased meaningfully. Group-III-healty NOx values, 39,24±12,0 mikromol/gr mikro mol/gr tissue, Group-I-healty NO vales, 181,96±83 mikromol/gr tissue, Group-II NO values, 107,49±46 tissue; p<0, When plasma NOx levels of Group-II and Group-III were compared to the findings of Group-I, it was found that levels of NOx of Group-II and Group-III were in decline meaningfully.( Group-II plasma value 29.02±8.15 mikromolar, Group-III plasma value 24±11.35 mikromolar; Group-I plasma value 50.62±14.78 mikromolar, p<0,05 respectively).In our study, in histological analysis, minimum level of reepitelisation were observed in the wounded tissue of Group-II, in addition to this finding, it was found that there were important increase in fibroblasts activation and in production of collegen fibrens in Group-III wound.As result, it was determined that for cut wounds healing process, sc AMG application was more effective than local AMG application.Based on all results, for cut-wounds, it is possible to state that sc and local AMG applications are very powerful in healing of wounds by reducing lipid peroxidation level. In the areas of oral mucose, bone and dental implants, there is need for more studies related to AMG applications.Key words: Rabbit, incision, wound healing, Nitric oxide, Aminoguanidine, oxidative stres, antioxidant status