Evaluation of the climate sustainability of the historic bazaar in Tabriz

It is noteworthy that the consumption of non-renewable energies is increasing day by day. Decrease in water, global warming, floods, storms, air pollution, incurable diseases, and many life-threatening dangers arise because of people's misuse of natural resources. According to the reports issued by the International Energy Consumption Agency (IEA), 71.5% of the energy resources were consumed through buildings in 2019, and the majority of these consumed energies were used for indoor heating and cooling. This ratio proves that there is an important link between building and energy consumption. In this context, architectural space design plays an important role between building and energy consumption. In this thesis, the architectural design features of historical buildings that do not need the consumption of non-renewable fossil energies for the heating and cooling action in the space are investigated. The study was carried out on the city of Tabriz, the capital of the East Azerbaijan province, located in the continental climate of Iran. Tabriz has been discussed in the context of the sustainable character of the city formation and the sustainability of historical buildings. In this context, Tabriz bazaar, which has an important value in the formation of the city of Tabriz, was chosen as a case study and its sustainable zero energy consumption feature in terms of heating and cooling was examined in terms of architectural design. Tabriz bazaar stands out as one of the best historical examples that can be taken as an example among other historical buildings in the city of Tabriz in terms of climatic sustainability. This bazaar is on the list of Iranian National Artifacts and UNESCO with its 300- year history. Tabriz's historical bazaar, as the world's largest covered bazaar in terms of square meters, has been using renewable energies for the free heating and cooling action for 300 years. Based on this feature, it provides space comfort without using any fossil resources for heating and cooling action in summer and winter without harming the environment. This bazaar continues to live as a trade center for millions of people. In this research, the temperature criterion was chosen as the analysis criterion of the research among the five criteria of climatic comfort, which are temperature, humidity, water vapor pressure, air flow rate (wind) and radiation from the inner walls. The analyzes were carried out on the historical bazaar of Tabriz on February 8 and August 8, 2020. During the analysis process, the climatic comfort ratio of the bazaar in terms of temperature was measured with the help of Multimeter, and the data obtained were analyzed in Climate Consultant and Excel. In addition, these methods were applied exactly on the modern Lale Park shopping center in the city of Tabriz, and the thermal comfort of the two modern and historical commercial centers was compared with each other in terms of temperature. Then, the connections and effects between the architectural design techniques used in the bazaar and the zero-energy consumption of the building in terms of heating and cooling were examined. As a result, the positive and negative aspects of the bazaar in terms of climatic function were investigated and based on the information obtained because of the research, some climatic architectural design principles and suggested models that could be suitable for terrestrial climates were presented. Keywords: Historical buildings, Zero-energy, Sustainable energy sources, Tabriz Bazaar, Climate, Sustainable architectural design.