The importance of regional security in the Black Sea for Turkey, USA and Russia in the context of balance of threat

The Black Sea region has historically been at the center of international relations due to its geographical location. Its strategic importance and geopolitical position make it ideal for playing a critical role in international relations. The region stands out as it is situated at the crossroads of important trade routes. Surrounded by strategic areas such as the Caucasus to the east, Anatolia to the south, Ukraine and Russia to the north, and the Balkans to the west, the Black Sea signifies its strategic significance in international relations.The ability of the Black Sea to connect to different seas through various straits and channels enhances its importance in terms of maritime trade and military mobility. Particularly, access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Çanakkale Strait, Istanbul Strait, Aegean Sea, Marmara Sea, and Mediterranean Sea further increases the strategic value of the region. These sea routes make the Black Sea one of the main arteries for international trade and energy transport.The Black Sea region is considered a strategically important area in international relations. Its geographical location and connections determine the geopolitical dynamics of the region, attracting the attention of various international actors. Especially for major powers such as Turkey, the United States, and Russia, it holds strategic significance.Realism theory is an important theoretical framework in explaining international relations and foreign policy approaches. Realism evaluates the actions of states in the international arena based on power and interests and considers states as rational actors. The existence of the international system is due to the anarchic structure among states, creating an environment where states compete to ensure their security and protect their interests.The Balance of Threat theory is a theory in which states form alliances based on their threat perceptions. This theory states that states are concerned not only with their military capabilities but also with the potential threats posed by other states. States are concerned with balancing not only classical power but also how they balance the threats posed by other states.The Black Sea region should be considered a complex and dynamic area in international relations. The relationships of the countries in the region with the West and the process of NATO membership influence Russia's strategic interests and security concerns in the region.