The development process of Muʿtazilī thought

In the process of spreading different cultures and philosophies among Muslims with the expansion of the Islamic geography after the conquests, Muʿtazila became a formation that attracted attention with its mental structure based on the basic principles of reason and logic and gave direction to Islamic thought. The aim of our thesis is, Hijri II. It is to examine the development process of this school that emerged in the century. Due to the fact that Muʿtazilī thought was active in a wide period of time, the research was carried out by IV. century limited. In order to understand Muʿtazila's mentality correctly, it will be necessary to examine the political, religious, social and cultural conditions of the period in which the school developed. For this purpose, importance has been given to the study of the period in which Muʿtazilī thoughts were manifested and shaped. The historical background is discussed starting from the period of the four caliphs, when the first conflicts after the Prophet began to appear. Political events, translation activities and philosophical curiosity, which are effective in the intellectual transformation of the society, have been analyzed with a descriptive method and an objective perspective. In this process, Muʿtazila adopted the defense of Islam as its main goal, and applied the methods of philosophy in order to struggle with its interlocutors on this issue. Thus, the school tried to reconcile religion and philosophy in the Islamic world. During his formation process, he focused more on theological issues and put forward five principles defined as Usual Hamse. However, during his development period, he focused on philosophy with the effect of translation activities and scientific debates between different cultures, and revealed theories on knowledge and wealth. With this aspect, it is important for the mental development of today's Islamic societies that Muʿtazila, who has a directing effect on Islamic thought, is examined with both his background and his ideas that are effective in his formation. Keywords: Sects History, Muʿtazila, Usual Hamse, Unity, Human Action's