Determination of characterization parameters of rubbers produced and sold commercially

The material obtained as raw rubber is obtained from plant or tree sap called "Latex" with its milklike structure grown in tropical regions. This material is obtained in natural form or from combinations of petroleum and alcohol. The term rubber refers to the material obtained from the Hevea Brasiliensis tree. Although natural rubber has many synthetic alternatives thanks to its unique features such as flexibility, elasticity, abrasion, impact resistance, effective heat dissipation, good processability, softness at low temperatures, it finds applications in areas where these superior properties are required and maintains its importance in the rubber industry. Rubber materials, which are known as polymeric and elastomeric materials and have applications in many industrial areas as well as these structures, have been used in a wide range of areas of use in the field of mechanical functional compounds and in many rubber production systems. Rubber materials exhibit complex mechanical and rheological behavior. With the small stress or strain values occurring under load, very large deformations occur before breaking. In addition, there is a strong nonlinear relationship between stress and strain values. In addition, materials with viscous behavior are a typical characteristic of elastomers. Visco elastic models are applied statically to the structure of the material. Rubber materials; It is widely used in industrial applications, especially in automotive, footwear, clothing and many similar sectors. For example: pipes, hoses, conveyor belts and straps etc. such as rubber materials are more preferred. In addition, vehicles, equipment, moving machines, planes, toys are left intensely in many furniture materials in heavy industry factories. Since the rubber industry is a rapidly developing sector, it requires continuous investment to monitor technology. The biggest problem in Turkey is foreign dependency in purchasing raw materials. Sectors have great difficulty in defining the type and composition of rubber materials purchased and sold commercially. Especially in trading transactions, big problems occur in the analysis of the rubber type parameter in the technical specifications. There are two main reasons for this; The first is that rubber is not dissolved in solvents due to its thermoset structure, and the other is that it is difficult to analyze with techniques such as FTIR because it contains high amounts of carbon black. Although the main analysis devices used in the characterization of polymer materials are FT-IR, NMR, SEM, DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analyzer), it has been seen that the most suitable devices in the analysis of rubber type are DSC and TGA. NMR technique, one of the other techniques, is that it is impossible to apply analyzes other than solid NMR because rubber products are not dissolved due to thermosetting. The FTIR technique, on the other hand, has problems in its application due to the fact that it works with infrared rays and the low resolution spectrum of carbon black due to the absorption of the beam as a black body. DSC and TGA analysis, which are among the thermal analysis techniques, have been found to be the most effective techniques in determining the type of rubber products. Within the scope of this thesis, besides thermal techniques, the application of techniques such as XRF and AAS, which analyze on an elemental basis, may increase the accuracy of analysis results in determination of breed. Since the rubbers used within the scope of the thesis study are not materials that are final products, they do not contain carbon black. For this reason, FTIR spectrum analyzes were carried out. It has been observed that the use of FTIR technique in addition to thermal analysis in the determination of the rubber pulp type increases the precision of the analysis results.